Overview

The Effects

Treatment Options

Treatment Options

Supportive Care: 

Acute benzodiazepine intoxication primarily relies on supportive care for management. This may include definitive airway management via endotracheal intubation.

Antidote: 

While the antidote flumazenil can effectively reverse benzodiazepine-mediated sedation, its use in acute benzodiazepine intoxication is not recommended due to the potential risks that may outweigh benefits as it can precipitate acute withdrawal syndromes, lower seizure threshold, and cause cardiac dysrhythmias.

Pharmacokinetics and Dynamics

Metabolism: 

Nitrazolam is metabolized in the liver (via CYP enzymes) and excreted in urine. It has a moderate half-life (about 10–20 hours), meaning its effects can last well into the next day, causing prolonged drowsiness.

Drug-Drug Interactions: 

Combining nitrazolam with alcohol, opioids, or other central nervous system depressants greatly increases the risk of respiratory failure and fatal overdose. It may also potentiate the effects of other benzodiazepines, leading to dangerous sedation and memory loss.